Valmet M-82 Assault Rifle Bullpup Series

The Valmet M-82 Assault Rifle was a rare variant of the M-76 (and is also referred to as the M-76B). The change in the design is easily apparent  the M-82 has a bullpup construction, enclosed in an almost one-piece synthetic shell. (Pre-production versions were actually enclosed in a wooden shell, which had to be carved in an expensive, time-consuming, and laborious process.) The barrel is tipped by an M-16-type birdcage flash suppressor, and is capable of launching most rifle grenades in the world today. The trigger guard is larger than the rest of the M-76 series, allowing for the use of bulky gloves, and can be hinged away from the trigger as well.

Valmet M-82 Assault Rifle

The Valmet M-82 Assault Rifle was designed for airborne troops and special operations troops, both for domestic use and for export. However, during field trials and early in the short deployment of the M-82, Finnish Paratroopers discovered a problem with the M-82: the position of the sights. While the front sight remained near the muzzle (a protected post upon a large raised triangular mount), the rear sights were moved to a position near the center of the weapon.

Since Finnish paratroopers parachuted with the Valmet M-82 Assault Rifle uncased atop their reserve chute, a bad PLF often led to facial injuries, sometimes to the point of broken noses or teeth. A fall atop the M-82 could do the same thing. Such dislike of the weapon by the troops using it may have led to the very short production run of the Valmet M-82 Assault Rifle.

Placed into storage in Finland and Qatar, M-62s were eventually taken back out storage and issued to
territorial, paramilitary, and militia units. Some of the former Finnish M-62s eventually ended up in the hands Swedish partisans fighting the Russians. Indonesian M-62s had largely disappeared by the Twilight War (officially, they were listed as destroyed), but for the next 40 years, they could be found in the hands of scattered partisans, rebel groups, and even pirates in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific. M-71s were taken out of storage and quickly issued to newly-raised forces.

Valmet M-82 Assault Rifle

The Valmet M-62/76 was, for the most part, the assault rifle that Finland went to war with. Indonesia did too, but it was just a part of the hodgepodge that they used, much to the chagrin of Indonesian armorers and supply personnel. Though an emergency production order for 1200 M-82s was authorized by the Finnish government in 1997, only 776 examples were actually produced. These mostly went to security troops
and certain bodyguard details.

A further version, the valmet M-78, is both a designated marksman version, with a heavy, 24.5-inch barrel and a bipod. The only stock is a wooden stock, and the M-78 fires only on semiautomatic. The side of the receiver has a bracket for mounting optics. (Note: This weapon should not be confused with the M-78 automatic rifle, though they are very similar and both based on the M-76.)

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Velmet M-71 and Variant Serie Velmet M-76 Assault Rifle

Velmet Assault Rifle Variant Series Made Finnish-Finlandia

The short-lived Valmet M-71 variant Assault Rifle used a stamped steel receiver and a front sight almost identical to that of the AKM. The stock was folding and synthetic, and apparently a modification of that of the FN CAL. The handguard completely surrounded the gas tube, and though synthetic, basically looked like that of the AKM. Unlike the AKM, the bolt has a hold-open device and a bolt catch. A variant is the Valmet M-71S, was chambered in 5.56mm NATO and intended for export, with a semiautomatic-only civilian/police version also available. The Velmet M-71S apparently did not do well; and the Valmet M-71 Assault rifle did not either, being produced only from 1971-73, though they were carefully placed into storage.

Valmet M-71S

The Valmet M-76 Assault Rifle returned to a modified M-62 pattern, though it had a stamped steel receiver rather than the machined receiver of the M-62. The Valmet M-76 Assault Rifle was produced in two calibers, with the 5.56mm NATO version mostly being exported (though 7.62mm versions were also exported), in both automatic and semiautomatic forms. These were known as the Velmet M-76F Assault rifle. 5.56mm models replaced the M-62s in Quatar and Indonesia, but in Finland, the troops apparently preferred the more robust M-62B. In 1976, this led to the M-62/76, which, though it had a modified fire selection mechanism internally, used a machined steel receiver.

Valmet M-76 Rifle

The plastic furniture, however, is lighter and stronger, and the rubber coating on the stock is also slightly slighter and more durable. The barrel is a bit shorter at 16.3 inches, and the flash suppressor is reduced in size. An M-62/76T version was also produced with a folding stock. The Velmet M-76W Assault Rifle has a fixed wooden stock, the Velmet M-76P Assault Rifle has a fixed plastic stock, the Velmet M-76T Assault Rifle has a folding stock similar to that of the M-62, and the Velmet M-76F Assault Rifle has a folding plastic butt.

Valmet M-76P Rifle

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Variant Series Valmet M-60 (Rk.60) and Velmet M-62 Assault Rifle

Valmet M-60 (Rk.60) Assault Rifle was the first of the Finnish "improved Kalashnikovs." Though internally almost identical to the AKM, the Valmet M-60 Assault Rifle is externally very different, with a plastic handguard that does not cover the gas tube, a plastic pistol grip, tubular steel stock, and a different-shaped receiver designed to take a better rear sight and optional optical sights or night vision equipment. The 16.55-inch barrel was tipped with a large three-prong flash suppressor.

Valmet M-60 Assault Rifle

There were two basic models of the Valmet M-60 Assault Rifle. The Valmet M-60 Assault Rifle had no trigger guard (in order to allow its use with fingerless mittens), and the receiver was a carefully machined forging (stronger, but more expensive and difficult to produce). The Valmet M-60B Assault Rifle had a rubber coating for the tubular steel butt, a trigger guard which could hinge away from the trigger, and the ability to use several different bayonet types (including detachable folding bayonets). About 200 of each were made (though most M-60As were later modified to the Valmet M-60B Assault Rifle standard and called FM-60s), and they are essentially identical for game purposes.

The Valmet M-62 Assault Rifle started life as an experimental improvement of the Valmet M-60B Assault Rifle, but quickly became a service weapon, with Qatar and Indonesia as well as Finland. The Valmet M-62 Assault Rifle uses a simplified receiver cover, the handguard was ribbed, and the pistol grip shaped differently; in addition, the stock folds. The plastic parts were originally dark green, but the color was changed to black for most production rifles. At first, the gas tube of the Valmet M-62 Assault Rifle was partially enclosed in a stamped steel liner, but most have their gas tubes totally enclosed.

Valmet M-62 Series Assault Rifle

Variants of the Valmet M-62 Assault Rifle include the M-62PT, introduced in 1972 and adding some refinements such as better protection for the iron sights, tritium inlays for the iron sights, and a return to the stronger machined-steel receiver. The M-62S was a semiautomatic civilian/police version (produced primarily for export); this version often had wooden furniture when sold in the US, but other versions had the M-62s standard layout or a folding stock.

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Best Generation Sako M-95 Assault Rifle

Sako M-95 Assault Rifle This is a further development of the M-90 Assault Rifle, enhanced primarily in the areas of structural strength, and a few other improvements. Some of these improvements include an enlarged trigger guard to allow the wearing of arctic gloves, a slight relocation of the selector lever to make sure the stock is not in the way when it is folded, flip sights which include a special position for CQB, a fixed rear sight, with adjustments being done from the front sight, and a slightly lengthened barrel.

Sako M-95 Assault Rifle

Sako M-95 Assault Rifle  7.62mm version is also capable of using a silencer along with subsonic ammunition (though automatic fire through the silencer is not recommended). It is otherwise virtually identical to the Sako M-90. The Finnish government ordered one small batch of these weapons in 1997 (designating them the RK-95TP), and then abruptly cancelled the order due to budgetary reasons. By 2000, production of the M-95 Assault Rifle had virtually ceased, though Sako was still had the weapon in its catalog as available for sale.

Sako M-95 Assault Rifle

Sako M-95 Assault Rifle In 1996, with the outbreak of the Twilight War, Finland rushed into production of the Model 95 rifles for use by their military forces; the primary reason for this choice was the capability to use both NATO and Warsaw Pact ammunition, both of which Finland had in quantity. However, the Model 95 had not reached full production by the 1997 nuclear exchange, and so the M-90 rifle is still the predominant rifle to be encountered. It is estimated that only 9000 M-95 rifles had been produced by the time of the nuclear exchanges.

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Sako M-90 Assault Rifle Finnish Armed Forces.

Sako M-90 Assault Rifle While the M-76 Assault Rifle replaced the M-62 Assault Rifle, the Sako M-90 Assault Rifle replaced the M-76 Assault Rifle. It is also an evolutionary update of the two previous designs, using stronger materials, new plastic magazines, a stronger folding butt (which folds to the side), a full muzzle brake instead of a flash suppressor, and sights that withstand more abuse and are both easier to adjust and can be more finely adjusted, as well as having tritium inlays. The Sako M-90 Assault Rifle is built in 7.62mm Kalashnikov and 5.56mm NATO calibers, with the 7.62mm Kalashnikov version being used by Finnish armed forces.

Sako M-90 Assault Rifle

The M-90 Assault rifle can launch both rifle grenades that require a muzzle adapter and more modern bullet-trap designs. The 5.56mm version can also fire the RAW. Both models can mount the M-203 or BG-25/30 grenade launchers or grenade launchers that use similar weapon mounts. Though the M-90 Rifle was offered for export, the Finnish government is mum on who they sold any to, if anyone.

M-76 Assault Rifle

Sako M-90 Assault Rifle By the time of Finnish entry into hostilities, Finland had not managed to quite replace half of its stock of M-76s. Oddly enough, both calibers of this weapon were common sights in the hands of both Israeli and American special operations forces, and the M-90 was known as a weapon that could turn up in the oddest places.

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Para Ordnance TTR Assault Rifle Tactical Target Rifle

The Para-Ordnance TTR Assault Rifle, TTR (Tactical Target Rifle) is an AR variant that uses a unique variant of the Stoner direct gas impingement system. Called DIGS (Delayed-Impingement Gas System), it uses a lengthened gas block that slows the cycle time of the operation, keeping the rifle cleaner longer without the use of a piston. (I’m skeptical.) This is combined with the Manifold Injector System (MIS) which channels gasses through the bolt carrier and vents them out of the ejection port, which helps to keep the bolt carrier group itself cleaner. The Para-Ordnance TTR Assault Rifle has a shortened carrier along with a recoil spring above the barrel, which means that the traditional buffer tube assembly is not necessary and that the TTR Assault Rifle can have a traditional side-folding stock. The stock also slides, with five positions available.

Para Ordnance TTR Assault Rifle

The lack of the normal buffer tube assembly also means that the Para Ordnance TTR Assault Rifle is somewhat quieter than a traditional AR, particularly in the shooter’s ear; it also gives the TTR Assault Rifle even more of a straight-line recoil, cutting barrel climb and making the aim of follow-up shots quicker (unfortunately, not measurable in Twilight 2000 v2.2 terms).

The 16.5-inch barrel is tipped by a Para-designed flash suppressor which is slightly longer than a standard AR flash suppressor, and has longer slots. The upper receiver is topped with a MIL-STD-1913 rail which joins the upper rail of the handguards, and the sides and bottom of the handguards have shorter rails which are about one-third the length of the handguards and positioned at the front of them.

Para-Ordnance TTR Assault Rifle

Removable AR-type rear iron sights are included, though the rear sight is a bit more finely-adjustable than a standard AR sight. The front sight is a hooded post which is also removable and folds down. The handguards themselves are made of aluminum instead of polymer.

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CANADA RIFLE DIEMACO C-8SFW Exclusive Rifle

The DIEMACO C-8SFW (Special Forces Weapon) Assault Rifle was designed at the behest of the British MoD for use by its special operations forces. British SOF units have long been dissatisfied by the L-85 series, including the L-85A2; they used the US-made M-16 series as well as the M-4 series, and later the C-7 and C-8 series, but were looking for a weapon more tailored for their special needs.

They also didn’t want to buy from any company that had been in bankruptcy within the past ten years, as Colt had been. The Diemaco C-8SFW Assault Rifle is basically a highly modified and tailored version of the C-8A1, with a 16.1-inch heavy barrel instead of the 14.5-inch heavy barrel of the C-8 series; this increases accuracy at long ranges without unduly increasing the length and bulk of the weapon. The forward sections of the handguards are equipped with MIL-STD-1913 rails (actually a KAC RAS system) which allow the use of a wide variety of accessories such as handgrips, flashlights, laser aiming modules, bipods, etc.

DIEMACO C-8SFW

The top of the receiver also has a MIL-STD-1913 rail for the mounting of optics; standard is the same Elcan sight used on the C-8A1 and C-7A1. Provision has also been made for the mounting of the HK AG-36 grenade launcher or the HK-79 grenade launcher. The iron sights were redesigned to give them more strength and stability. The C-8SFW is equipped with a sliding stock.

The C-8SFW Assault Rifle is capable of using virtually types of 5.56mm NATO ammunition, including armor-piercing types, heavy bullets, rubber bullets, etc. Twilight 2000 Notes: The C-8 would still be in use, but in lesser numbers. The Danish would not have been issued the C-8A1, but the Canadians would have been, in even smaller number than the basic C-8. The C-8CQB Assault Rifle is a very rare weapon virtually exclusive to Canadian special operations units. The C-8A2, C-8FTHB, C-8CT and Diemaco C-8SFW Assault Rifle do not exist in the Twilight 2000 timeline.

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Next Generation Diemaco C-8CT Assault Rifle and C-8CQB Assault Rifle

In the Diemaco C-8A1 Assault Rifle, the carrying handle is replaced with a MIL-STD-1913 rail, and the standard sight is the same Elcan sight used by the C-7A1. The barrel used is heavier than that of the C-7 and C-7A1, but is still cold-forged. The C-8A2 Assault Rifle is essentially a C-8A1, but it has an even heavier barrel to allow sustained automatic fire, and short 4-position MIL-STD-1913 rails are added to the handguard. Though a version of the C-8A2 Assault Rifle  is available with a 3-round burst setting, the Canadians use only the full-automatic version. It is unknown whether any other countries are using the C-8A2 Assault Rifle . The C-8FTHB is a development of the C-8A2; it differs from the C-8A2 primarily in having an extra-heavy bull barrel and standard handguards.

C-8CQB Assault Rifle

The Diemaco C-8CT Assault Rifle is sort of a “marksman’s carbine,” equipped with a 15.75-inch extra-heavy barrel tipped by a target crown. The andguards are replaced with aluminum tube-type handguards that allow the barrel to float. The Diemaco C-8CT Assault Rifle does have a MIL-STD-1913 rail atop the receiver, but the rail is about twice as long as that of the other C-8 Assault Rifle versions. The pistol grip is ergonomic with a hand stop/weight at the bottom.

Diemaco C-8CT Assault Rifle

The modified sliding stock includes a space for counterweights, a recoil pad on the butt, and has generally heavier construction that is more adjustable in length; this stock is also adjustable for swivel, cant and height in addition to length. The Diemaco C-8CT Assault Rifle is equipped with a two-stage trigger mechanism. The C-8CT Assault Rifle has a lightweight, adjustable bipod under the front of the handguard.

The Diemaco C-8CQB (Close Quarters Battle) Assault Rifle is designed for special operations forces and police SRT-type units for use in urban combat and house-to-house-type fighting. The barrel is abbreviated to 10 inches, and the muzzle is equipped with a Vortex muzzle brake to reduce recoil and muzzle flash. This muzzle brake may also be easily removed and replaced by either a silencer or suppressor if necessary. The Diemaco C-8CQB weapon does have a MIL-STD-1913 rail atop the receiver, but the standard Elcan sight is replaced by an EOTech low-magnification optical sight which is much more useful in close-range combat. The extractor is also strengthened in concession to the lower gas pressures delivered by the shorter barrel.

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Diemaco C-7 Assault Rifle Series and C8 Series Rifle

Diemaco C&, C7A1 Rifle, C7A2 Assault Rifle Diemaco C-8A1 and C8A2 Assault Rifle

Diemaco C-7 Assault Rifle started life as a license-produced version of the M-16A2; but the engineers at Diemaco (now called Colt Canada) tinkered with the base design, correcting many of the shortcomings of the M-16A2 Assault Rifle, such as sensitivity to dirt, and the problem that often occurs with case ejection on the M-16A2 Assault Rifle . They also managed to lighten it somewhat by using more modern materials that are also tougher, and the barrel is cold-forged to give it added strength and durability. The result is basically a product-improved M-16A2, and the Canadians began to issue it to their troops in 1984.

Diemaco C-7 or C7 Assault Rifle

In the late 1980s, the Danish and Dutch issued it to their troops, and it is rumored that the special operations units of several other European countries are also using the C-8A1 Assault Rifle and C-8A2 Assault Rifle versions of this rifle. Colt USA has also quietly incorporated most of the improvements into their production M-16 series rifles.


The basic C-7Assault Rifle is in fact a product-improved version of the basic M-16A2 and depending on the customer, may be had with a 3-round burst setting or a full-automatic fire setting. The C-7A2 Assault Rifle is basically the Canadian equivalent of the M-16A3/A4 Assault Rifle, being a C-7 with the top of the receiver redesigned. In place of the carrying handle/rear sight combination, the C-7A1 Assault Rifle has a raised rear sight and a MIL-STD-1913 rail to allow the mounting of a large variety of optics.

C7A1 and C7A2 Assault rifle

The rear sight is removed and stored in the stock if some sort of optical or night sight is mounted As an option, the MIL-STD-1913 rail may be removed and replaced with a Weaver or RARDE rail if older optics are going to be used. The C-7A1 Assault Rifle is normally issued with a light optical sight made by Elcan; this is included in the cost listed below. Like the M-16A2, they have barrels which are 20 inches long.

C8A1 Carbine Assault Rifle

The C-7A2 Assault Rifle is the mid-life upgrade for the C-7 Assault Rifle and C-7A1 Assault Rifle ; it features a telescoping stock like that of the C-8. This stock also has a butt pad which acts as a shock absorber and an anti-slip device. The buffer was modified by replacing one of the steel weights in the buffer mass tube with a tungsten weight; this slight additional mass prevents light strikes on the bolt carrier group which might otherwise cause a misfire.

C8A2 Assault Rifle

The cyclic rate is somewhat reduced (but has no practical effect in game terms) to increase reliability, controllability, and wear and tear. The C-7A2 has an ambidextrous magazine catch, ambidextrous charging handle release, and ambidextrous selector lever.

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L-98A1 Cadet GP Assault Rifle Series Hot Barel Magazine

The L-98A1 Cadet GP Assault Rifle is a version of the L-85A1 designed for training new troops. It fires 5.56mm NATO ammunition, but it is not designed for repeating fire the charging handle must be cycled by hand between shots. Though it is not technically a boltaction rifle, for game purposes the L-98A1 Assault Rifle effectively has the same fire rate as a bolt-action rifle, which is why under ROF below it is listed as “BA.” However, the shooter may also use a trick in which he keeps the trigger held down, and cycles the bolt repeatedly; this essentially means that the L-98A1 fires a shot every time the charging handle is cycled. In this case, the shooter may fire up to three shots per round but accuracy is seriously degraded, with the range being reduced to 38. In addition, aimed fire is not possible when using this technique, and if the L-98A1 is equipped with a SUSAT, that sight will also be impossible to use. (The L-98A1 is not normally equipped with a SUSAT, and this is reflected in the stats below.

L-98A1 Assault Rifle

The L-98A1 Assault Rifle can otherwise use the same accessories as the L-85. It can be converted to semiautomatic fire, or even into a full L-85A1, by adding the appropriate parts, such as in the gas system and the cocking handle. (Note that the weight below is estimated.) There is a newer version of this rifle, the L-98A2; this version is basically a semiautomatic version of the L-85A2, and for game purposes may be treated as a semiautomatic only version of the standard L-85A2. It too is typically not equipped with a SUSAT, and like the non-SUSAT version listed above, costs $200 less and is 0.4 kg lighter than the L-85A1/A2.

L98A2 Assault Rifle

 The newest iteration of the L-85 is the L-85A2E. This version has a fore-end with MIL-STD-1913 rails at 3, 9, and 6-o’clock; online British Army friends of mine this was done primarily to allow the addition of a vertical foregrip under the handguard and the use of items like laser pointing devices. A MIL-STD-1913 rail is not normally included above the receiver, but the L-85 does have a STANAG optics mount above the receiver, and a STANAG-to-MIL-STD-1913 rail adapter kit does exist which allows the L-85A2E (or any other L-85) to mount a rail above the receiver. This does, however, appear to be little-used. The L-85A2E
modifications are done by Daniel Defense and are applied to already existing L-85A2s, as they primarily consist of replacing the handguards. The L-85A2E Assault Rifle is identical to the L-85A2, but the weapon weighs 0.05 kg more and costs 1% more.


Law Enforcement International (LEI) makes a rimfire-firing variant of the L-85A2E Assault Rifle called the LEI SA-80. It is virtually identical to the L-85A2E Assault Rifle, except that it is semiautomatic-only, chambered for the .22 Long Rifle cartridge and feeds from curved magazines or various capacities. The magazine well is externally nearly identical to that of a standard L-85A2E Assault Rifle, but is adapted for the much smaller-width .22 Long Rifle magazines. The barrel and internal parts are likewise altered to suit the new chambering.

 Many of these weapons have been ditched by 2000 by British troops in favor of both allied and enemy
weapons that are more reliable and don’t fall apart. Except for a very small number in the hands of British special operations troops, the L-98A2 is unknown in the Twilight 2000 world. Very small numbers of the L-85 Carbine were produced, mostly in the 290mm barrel version. They have most of the same problems as the L-85A1. The L-85A2 does not exist in the Twilight 2000 timeline, nor does the L-98A2 Assault rifle. Most L-98A1’s have been converted into L-85A1’s or to semiautomatic fire, and issued to homedefense troops.

British special operations prefer the L-98A1 Cadet GP Assault Rifle series and its variants to the L-98A2 Assault Rifle; other than that, most British troops are still using the IW. It is almost unknown anywhere else in the world, except with the Gurkhas and Jamaican armed forces. There are about equal numbers of both versions of the L-85 Carbine; numbers of both versions are small. The shortbarreled versions have the same problems as the L-98A1 Assault Rifle, while longer-barreled versions are more similar to the L-98A2 Assault Rifle.

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Variant Enfield L-85 Carbine Series Assault Rifle Competition Desiign Weapon

Enfield L-85 Assault Rifle This weapon was initially conceived during the British Government’s Small Arms 80 competition to design a new weapon to replace the L-1A1 version of the FN FAL then used by the British Army. (The weapon is thus often called the SA-80.) It became one of the first bullpup-design weapons to be used by any army in large numbers. The L-85A1’s predecessors were initially designed to use a 6.25x43mm cartridge, then a 4.85x49mm round, but this was changed to the NATO standard 5.56x45mm round. Also known as the IW (Individual Weapon), the L-85A1 Assault rifle  is made from mostly steel using modern machining and pressing processes, and was also one of the first weapons designed using a CAD program.

Enfield L85 Carbine Assault Rifle

The Enfield L-85 weapon can be issued with a conventional sight in a carrying handle; however, combat arms and special operations troops are normally issued the L-85A1 Assault rifle with a robust 4x sight known as the SUSAT (Small Unit Small Arms Trilux) L-9A1. This sight allows for better range and more precise sighting. The SUSAT’s base can also accommodate other NATO-standard optical equipment. The standard barrel length is 21.4 inches. The IW is simple to strip and clean and that is good, since it is very finicky about dirt failing in dirty environments with distressing regularity. In addition, the L-85A1 Assault rifle tends to just sort of fall apart, without provocation, and tends to jam even more if it is not fed with Royal Ordnance-made ammunition.

L85A1 Assault Rifle

The L-85A1Assault rifle  uses standard US/NATO magazines; it can use the 100-round CMag and the 90-round MWG, though the MWG makes the weapon very clumsy. The L-85 Rifle includes a special gas bleed cutoff setting for the firing of rifle grenades. The bayonet designed for the L-85 Assault Rifle is unusual; the handle is hollow, and the handle fits around the barrel with the rifle firing down the axis of the bayonet when it is mounted. (In practice, this has resulted in the handle in some cases getting too hot to handle when a lot of shooting is done while the bayonet is mounted; a solution has yet to be found to this problem.)

As stated above, the SUSAT is not issued to all troops; rear-area troops, in particular, have L-85s with a carrying handle attached in place of the SUSAT. These versions are for the most part identical to standard L-85s, but subtract $200 from the price and 0.4 kg from the weight.

L85A2 Assault Rifle

The SUSAT is also used on the L-86 LSW, and modified forms are used on some L-1A1Assaulrt Rifle and L-7A1 (MAG) machineguns. The L-85A2 Assault Rifle addresses the faults of the L-85A1; the weapon does not fall apart spontaneocusly, like the L-85A1Rifle, and is said to have acquired a reputation for reliability, as well as being more tolerant of ammunition of other makes. I say “said to” because reviews are mixed on the L-85A2 Assault Rifle; some say that it is utterly reliable, while others claim it is just as much a dog, reliability-wise, as the L-85A1. Only time will tell. Apart from addressing these problems, it is basically the same weapon as the L-85A1 and is not given a line in the tables below.

L1A1 Assault Rifle

The L-85 Carbine   Assault Rifle is a short-barreled version of the L-85 assault rifle, roughly equivalent in performance and purpose to the US M-4 Carbine. The L-85 Carbine  Assault Rifle also has a foregrip to help control the greater barrel climb. It can still fire rifle grenades. This weapon is largely unknown; production stopped in 1994 when the problems with the standard L-85A1 rifle came to light, and production was not picked up again until 2001. At any rate, only very small numbers of the weapon were produced, primarily for British special operations troops, with two barrel lengths. Normal issue does not include the SUSAT, but the SUSAT can be fitted to the L-85 Carbine.

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Australian Modified Steyr AUG HBAR-Tand Steyr AUG A2 HBAR-T

The Steyr AUG HBAR Assault Rifle has a 24-inch barrel. In addition, the Steyr AUG HBAR (sometimes referred to as the AUG LMG or AUG SAW) is equipped with a bipod. The AUG SMG (also called the AUG-P) is often found with special receiver that better suits the extra parts needed to allow the AUG to properly function with the very short barrel; however, this redesigned receiver is not required to allow the AUG SMG to function properly.

The Steyr AUG HBAR-T Assult Rifle, an AUG modified for use as a sharpshooter’s rifle, is similar in appearance to the HBAR from which it is derived. The barrel, however, is cold hammer-forged, heavier and of better quality than that of the HBAR, and uses a flash suppressor that is somewhat more effective at mitigating muzzle flash. (Barrel length is still 24 inches.) The carrying handle/battle sight has been removed, and in its place is a mount for optics (though it is not a MIL-STD-1913 or Weaver mount, and is rather limited in what sort of optics it can mount). (In the Austrian Army, the standard scope used with the Steyr AUG HBAR-T is the same Kahles ZF69 6x scope used on the SSG-2000.)

Steyr AUG HBAR-T

 The standard Steyr AUG HBAR A1 Assault Rifle was replaced in production (except in Malaysia) by the AUG A2. The AUG A2’s magazine well is modified so that it can use NATO/US magazines as well as magazines designed for the AUG and magazines like Beta’s C-Mag. The scope/carrying handle was replaced by a MIL-STD-1913 rail, allowing the rifle to use virtually any sort of optics. However, when the Steyr AUG HBAR A1 Assault Rifle arrived, the 13.77-inch SMG barrel was deleted from the options available to the AUG. Civilian/police semiautomatic-only versions of the Steyr AUG HBAR A1 and Steyr AUG HBAR A2 assault rifles and carbines are available on the civilian market in many countries; these generally have no bayonet lug, and often have their barrels permanently attached instead of being interchangeable with shorter or longer AUG barrels. In some cases, civilian versions of the AUG do not have flash suppressors, if that is necessary to comply with local laws.

Steyr AUG HBAR

however, after the November nuclear exchange, production of the AUG virtually stopped in Austria and Malaysia. For at least 20 years after the Twilight War, the only country who produced the AUG was the Australians. The “Steyr AUG HBAR A2 assault rifles” version is also a rarity in the Twilight 2000 world, except as produced by the Australians. Merc 2000 Story: Similar to the Notes above; the AUG is a big hit with mercenary groups worldwide, especially the “Steyr AUG HBAR A2 assault rifles” version.

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Australian Steyr AUG Series Assault Rifle

Steyr AUG Bullpup Assault Rifle Originally designed as a technology demonstrator, the Steyr AUG (Armee Universal Gewehr, or Army Universal Rifle), became wildly successful, and versions of the weapon ranging from submachineguns to civilian rifles were produced. It was first produced in 1978, and it became one of the few bullpup military rifles used in number by world armies. The AUG is used by Austria (where it is the standard assault rifle, and is known as STG-77), Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, Oman, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia; in addition, British soldiers stationed in the Falklands also use the AUG. The Australians and the Malaysians license-produce the AUG. (The Australian version of the AUG is different enough from a standard AUG that is has its own entry under Australian Assault Rifles.)

Steyr Aug Assault Rifle

The body and magazines of the AUG are made of high-impact plastic, while the internal workings and the barrel are made of high-quality steel (except for the hammer and certain other parts of the hammer unit, which are unusually made of very-high strength plastic). At the very front of the receiver is a fold-down plastic foregrip which can be used as a handguard when folded. The result is a weapon that is light, handy, yet accurate. The weapon includes a 1.5x battle sight that further improves accuracy; it is on an elevated mount and forms a part of a carrying handle.

The AUG’s trigger is two-stage: pull it back a certain distance, and you get semi-automatic fire, and pull it back all the way for full automatic fire. This can sometimes lead to “accidental automatic fire.” The gas block is also adjustable, for standard fire, a fouled chamber or barrel, and a cutoff for the firing of certain rifle grenades. The gas block adjustor is also used to replace the barrel with barrels of other lengths or otherwise remove the barrel.

Steyr AUG SMG

Barrels can be removed and replaced in seconds (less than one combat phase). There are cutouts on either side for the ejection port and charging handle, and the fire and magazine controls may be switched from one side to the other, making the AUG ambidextrous (unusual for a bullpup weapon, though some soldiers say that the AUG is equally uncomfortable to use with either hand due to its poor ergonomics).

Steyr AUG SAW

Several interchangeable barrels can be fitted to the AUG, allowing the AUG to perform the roles of submachinegun, carbine, heavy-barreled automatic rifle, or a sharpshooter’s rifle. In addition, a barrel exists that allows the AUG to function as a squad automatic rifle, and a parts kit that allows the AUG to be converted to a submachinegun firing 9mm Parabellum ammunition (see Austrian Submachineguns). The standard AUG uses a 20-inch barrel; the AUG Carbine has a 16-inch barrel; the AUG SMG (also called the AUG-P) uses a 13.77-inch barrel; and the HBAR has a 24-inch barrel. In addition, the HBAR (sometimes referred to as the Steyr AUG LMG Assault Rifle and Steyr AUG SAW Assault Rifle ) is equipped with a bipod.

The AUG SMG (also called the AUG-P) is often found with special receiver that better suits the extra parts needed to allow the AUG to properly function with the very short barrel; however, this redesigned receiver is not required to allow the AUG SMG to function properly.

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HNLMS Tromp F803 Ship Class Frigate Dutch High Technology Armament Ship

The HNLMS Tromp F803 ship displaces 6,044 tonnes fully loaded and has a length of 144m. Powered by two diesel engines with the expected boost of twin turbines driving twin shafts, she is reported to have a speed of around 30 knots through the water. In keeping with modern design thinking, the ship carries a low radar and heat signature.

Three days later, on 17 March 2010, HNLMS Tromp was involved in an incident with suspected pirates off the coast of eastern Africa. Two small boats approached the frigate at high speed. After realizing the Tromp was a warship, the pirates fled. However, the Tromp pursued and captured the two boats, along with a mother ship. The frigate destroyed the two boats and released the pirates to the mother ship, after it had been cleared of weapons.

On 5 April 2010, HNLMS Tromp rescued the container ship MV Taipan by rappelling 6 Marines from its Lynx helicopter (under covering fire from the helicopter and the Tromp) to the deck of the Taipan, resulting in the capture of 10 pirates. The 13 crew (2 German, 3 Russian, 8 Sri Lankan) were unharmed having taken refuge in a secure location after stopping the ship's engines.

 The HNLMS TROMP F803 Class Frigate armaments consist of a large array of missiles, with a single gun on the foredeck and several lighter guns plus four torpedo tubes. She is equipped to carry two helicopters and has a crew of 220.

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HNLMS De Ruyter F804 WarShip Class Frigate Dutch Royal Navy

HNLMS De Ruyter saved the situation for the Netherlands in the Third Anglo-Dutch War. His strategic victories over larger Anglo-French fleets at the Battles of Solebay (1672), the double Schooneveld (1673) and Texel (1673) warded off invasion. The new rank of Lieutenant-Admiral-General was created especially for him in February 1673, when the new stadtholder William III of Orange became Admiral-General.

 Again taking the battle to the Caribbean, this time against the French, HNLMS De Ruyter F 804 arrived off Martinique aboard his flagship De Zeven Provinciën on 19 July 1674. He led a substantial force of eighteen warships, nine storeships, and fifteen troop transports bearing 3,400 soldiers. Attempting to assault Fort Royal, his fleet was becalmed, allowing the greatly outnumbered French defenders time to solidify their defenses. The next day, newly-placed booms prevented de Ruyter from entering the harbor. Nonetheless, the Dutch soldiers went ashore without the support of the fleet's guns, and were badly mauled in their attempt to reach the French fortifications atop the steep cliffs. Within two hours, the soldiers were returning to the fleet, with 143 killed and 318 wounded, as compared to only fifteen French defenders lost. His ambitions thwarted and with the element of surprise lost, De Ruyter sailed north to Dominica and Nevis, then returned to Europe while disease spread aboard his ships.

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U.K Navy Sales HMS Cornwall To Brazilian Navy Seals Broadswords Class Frigates

Ten Type 22 Broadsword frigates were brought out of service half way through their working lives. The reduction in the size of the destroyer and frigate force from 35 to 32, as announced in the 1998 Strategic Defence Review White Paper, was achieved by paying off the Type 22 frigates HMS Boxer, Beaver and London in 1999. HMS Brave was replaced by a new Type 23 frigate in 2000 as was HMS Coventry in 2001. The remaining five Type 22 frigates had a planned service life of approximately 23 years.

The actual cost per annum of operation for ships such as Type 23 frigates, Type 22 frigates, SSNs, Hunt Class minehunters and Sandown Class minehunters will vary considerably dependent on the tasking/maintenance undertaken. Indicative annual costs, including manpower, fuel and stores only, would be in the region of £16 million for a Type 23 and a Type 22 frigate, £11 million for an SSN, £3 million for a Hunt Class minehunter and £2 million for a Sandown Class minehunter.

It was originally envisaged that all Type 22s would have names beginning with 'B' (Broadsword, etc), following the 'A' names used for Type 21s (Amazon, etc). This changed when two under-construction ships (Sheffield and Coventry) were re-named to commemorate ships lost in the South Atlantic, with London being similarly honoured. The alphabetical progression was re-established with the Batch 3 ships (Cornwall, etc) before being temporarily abandoned with the Type 23 class, named after Dukedoms (Norfolk, Lancaster, etc). The Royal Navy's latest escort class (the Type 45 or Daring class) have re-introduced the alphabetical progression, using destroyer names from the 1930s and 1950s.

The names selected for the four Batch 3 ships were an interesting mixture: two, Cornwall and Cumberland, revived County-class names previously carried both by First World War-era armoured cruisers, and by Second World War-era heavy cruisers. The other Batch 3s, Chatham and Campbeltown, were Town names, the former reviving a 1911 light cruiser name, and the latter commemorating the most famous of the US destroyers transferred to the Royal Navy in 1940; the name for HMS Chatham was selected as a salute to the Medway town, where the naval dockyard, established in 1570, had closed in 1984.

The Type 22 HMS Cornwall class frigates was designed to be a specialist anti-submarine warfare vessel as part of the Royal Navy's contribution to NATO. Since then they have evolved into a general purpose frigate with weapons for use against other surface ships, aircraft and submarines. They were built in three batches giving rise to three sub-classes, the first Broadsword of four ships, the second Boxer of six ships and the third and final, Cornwall of four ships.

The four Broadswords class frigates (which included two Falklands War veterans) were sold to Brazil in the mid 1990s. Romania has acquired and modernized two of the Batch 2 ships, while a third was purchased by Chile. The  Broadswords class frigates ships have enhanced command, control and co-ordination facilities that results in their often being used as deployment flagshipsHMS Cornwall in 2007.

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Type K 130 Ship Class Corvette Best Germany Ship Technology System

The Type K 130 corvettes replace the German Navy's Tiger Class and Albatross Class missile fast patrol boats which no longer meet operational requirements. The K130 corvettes will be based at Warnemunde. The remaining four K130 ships are: FGS Magdeburg (F261) built by Lurssen, launched in September 2006, commissioned in September 2008; FGS Erfurt (F262) built by Thyssen Nordseewerke, launched in March 2007, to be commissioned in 2009; FGS Oldenburg (F263) built by Blohm + Voss, launched in July 2007, to be commissioned in 2009; FGS Ludwigshafen (F264) built by Lurssen, launched in September 2007, to be commissioned in 2010. The K130 corvettes are designed with stealth features, low draft, and highly automated weapons and defence systems to support littoral warfare and particularly for operations of a multi-national crisis reaction force.

The K130 class carries four RBS15 missiles. The missile uses active Ku-band radar homing and has a range of more than 200km. The missile has a high subsonic speed, Mach 0.9, and is armed with a 200kg warhead. The K130 class corvettes are armed with two Raytheon / RAMSYS Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) 21-cell mk49 surface-to-air missile launchers. The RAM guided-missile weapon system is a naval self-defence system for engagement of hostile aircraft and incoming missiles. The RAM missile has a dual-mode radar / infrared seeker and a range of 9.5km.

The K-130 corvette will be also equipped with the Ewation (Ulm, Germany) UL 5000K electronic-support-measures/electronic-countermeasures (ESM/ECM) system, based on the Aldebaran system developed for Spain's F100 frigate. The system consists of an ESM subsystem, working in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz, and an ECM subsystem for active radar jammning. According to some sources, these subsystems are designated SPS-N-5000 and KSJ-N-5000, respectively.

The system intercepts and analyzes radar signals and classifies them according to data stored in its reprogrammable threat library. It has multiple-target-tracking capabilities and a high signal- and bearing-measurement accuracy. Interestingly, the system does not control the other countermeasures directly but only provides inputs to a combat-management system, which uses multiple data sources (such as radar, Link 11/16/22) to control the countermeasures launchers.

The countermeasures launchers in question will be two Multi-Ammunition Softkill System (MASS) self-protection systems. The system has been developed and is produced by Buck Neue Technologien (Neuenburg, Germany), a subsidiary of Rheinmetall DeTec Group. Altogether, 64 81 mm decoys will be carried in both launchers (32 in each). The decoys are dual mode--infrared (IR) and passive radar--with both elements are present in every round. The launcher has eight magazines with four decoys in each.

Each decoy can provide IR protection across a wavelength range of 3-14 [micro]m, as well as across the radio-frequency (RF) range of 8-18 GHz. The round also provides additional obscurance in the following spectrums: 0.5-1.0 [micro]m (visible, near-IR), 1.06 [micro]m (Nd:YAG laser) and 10.6 [micro]m (C[O.sub.2]) laser). The launch can be directed to any part of side hemisphere of the ship, and the launcher's turn speed is 100[degrees] per second. Decoys can be launched in preset sequences, optimized for recognized threats.

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Brandenburg Type 123 Class Frigates Repalce Hamburg Ship Made Germany

The Brandenburg Type 123 Class frigates were ordered in June 1989 to replace the Hamburg class. The frigates are primarily tasked with anti-submarine operations, but they also contribute to anti-air defence, the tactical command of group forces and surface operations. The ships form part of the Wilhelmshaven-based 6th frigate squadron.The all-steel ship has stealth features, extra space for Task Group personnel, and fin stabilisers. It is designed to carry two AgustaWestland Sea Lynx Mk 88 helicopters and a rigid inflatable boat for boarding operations.

In addition, the Brandenburg Type F123 ship design features improved radar signatures, the inclusion of growth potential, the integration of power boosting sensors and anti-aircraft systems, improved installation and removal routes on board taking into account operational experience gained with the MEKO export frigates and other frigates in service with the German Navy.

In the Brandenburg Type 123 Class frigates field of damage control and operational equipment, there is a number of innovations when compared to previous frigates. For the purposes of survivability, the number of damage control areas has been doubled to four. The ventilation, fire fighting and damage control system have been upgraded and designed as independent systems in accordance with MEKO Mod. 3.

The ship is armed with four Aerospatiale Exocet MM38 surface-to-surface missiles, 16 Nato Sea Sparrow surface- to-air missiles with a Lockheed Martin Mk-41 Mod-3 vertical launch system, two 21-cell RAM launchers one Otobreda 76mm/62 Mk- 75 main gun, two Rheinmetall 20mm Rh 202 guns; and 4-324mm Mk-32 Mod-9 (2 twin) anti-submarine torpedo tubes. Two Otobreda SCLAR decoys, chaff, IR flares, intercepts and jammers act as countermeasures.

The order for the building of four Class 123 frigates was placed by the German Ministry of Defence once it had been demonstrated that, with the Blohm + Voss modular method of construction, Consortium "F123" was capable of meeting the BWB demands basically formulated in the following tex.

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Sachsen Warship Class F124 Class Frigates Anti Technologie Surface Warfare

The Sachsen Class F124 has two Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM), Mk 31 launchers and two four-cell Harpoon missile launchers. The RAM missile from Raytheon and RAM Systems GmbH, is a fire and forget missile which provides short range defence against incoming anti-ship missiles including sea-skimming missiles The ship is fitted with two triple Mk 32 torpedo launchers and also has helicopter-borne long range lightweight torpedoes. The flight deck and hangar accommodate two NH90 helicopters.

The Sachsen Class F124-class frigates can also assume Anti-Surface Warfare (ASuW) and Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) employing two NH90 helicopters. These helicopters are accommodated in a hangar at the stern of the ship. The F124-class ships will be able to fire torpedoes. The propulsion system combines a gas turbine (23,500 KW) with two diesel engines (7,400 KW each) (CODAG). The ship design is an evolution of F123-class frigates.

The Sachsen-class F-124 frigates can launch Standard SM-2 Block IIIA, Evolved Sea Sparrow missiles (ESSM) against airborne threats and Harpoon missiles against surface ships. The 155mm MONARC artillery system could be installed on the F124-class frigates but it must be determined yet. MONARC would provide onshore attack capability to the new German frigates. 2 RAM systems and two 20mm guns have been provided for self-defense purposes as close-in weapons.

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PT. PAL Technologie Indonesia Made KCR-43 Class High Missile Patrol For TNI-AL

PT. PAL design Quick Ship Missile (KCR) measuring a total length of 43 meters and 8 meters wide, can carry 25 people. KCR maximum speed 30 knots and cruising speed of 18 knots.

KCR equipped weapon control systems, sepucuk 40 mm cannon and two surface missiles and two 12.7 mm machine gun shoots. KCR can be equipped also Electronic Support Measure (ESM) and radar supervisor.

KCR 43 meters draft of the Navy and Marine Shipyard PT Palindo more lethal weaponry than the design of PT PAL. Unconfirmed KCR Navy will order this.

TNI-AU Joint PT. Pelindo Produce KCR-40 Class Patrol Boat

Navy in cooperation with PT Palindo Marine Shipyard Batam Fast Ship Missile create KCR-40. The hull bottom of aluminum steel and the upper fiberglass. Price vessel USD 60 billion, excluding weapons systems worth 200 million dollars. Navy will buy weapons systems from western countries, while Chinese-made anti-ship missiles. Navy has ordered 22 ships of this type until 2014.

KCR-40

43 m long ship, the speed of 27 knots powered by 3x MAN V12 engines each producing 1800 HP 2300 RPM power. Ships equipped with 43 beds.

The ship is armed sepucuk cannon, two 12.7 mm machine guns, four anti-ship missile launchers and missile launchers of anti air attacks.

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Indonesian Navy Technology Made Variant Warship To Indonesia Royal Navy

R & D Navy this time displays the results of his research in the form subskimmer, this vehicle can be used in surface water and dive, suitable for special forces operations. Vehicle with a length of 5.5 m is capable of carrying four personnel and has a speed of 20 knots on the surface of water and 2-4 knots when used for diving.

subskimmer

Featuring Army landing craft air cushion (LCAC) hovercraft type the name of the Hovercraft Kartika. Ships with a total length of 14.2 m is the largest hovercraft landing craft owned by the Army. This vehicle can transport loads of 3 tons. Wahan cruising speed is 20-25 knots, with a maximum speed of 30 knots.
Guided Missile Escort PKR 105 to be excellent at this exhibition.

LCAC Kartika Made TNI-AD

Damen Schelde designation as a partner PT. Pal to make this ship in August and will be immediately followed by a contract with the Ministry of Defence. PKR 105 will be the most sophisticated and modern ships in the Navy's fighter fleet.

PKR-105 PT.PAL Joint Damen Schelde

Quick Ship Missile 40 meters is shown by the 2 companies, namely PT. Palindo Marine Shipyard and PT. Pal. Palindo as a shipyard company located in Batam is currently working on KCR 40 orders the Navy. This ship has adopted stealth design, the form of radar navigation towering reminiscent of the ships owned by the Singapore Navy. Ships with a length of 43 meters it could be triggered by the speed of 27-30 knots.

LST 117 PT.PAL

There are 2 types of miniature tank landing craft with a length of 117 meters of LST 117 that was designed by PT. Pal and designed by PT. Doc Kodja Bahari. Apparent differences in LST can transport helicopter designed this is the placement of the boat at the side of the body. In the design Pal lifeboat placed up and down so that the ship became visible body height, while the boat is placed face design DKB rear. Ship speed is around 14-16 knots.

KCR-40 PALINDO

D-230 Missile Made Lapan

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